Paper making machinery



May 5, 1936. J. K. DARBY 2,039,780

PAPER MAKING MAcHiNERY Original Filed Sept. 24, 1.928 12 Sheets-Sheet 1 May 5, 1936- J. K. DARBY 2,039,780

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PAPER MAKING MACHINERY Original Filed Sept. 24, 1928 l2 Sheets-Sheet 12 dgggs.

i To Jcreens 1b Overflow lovevzan' Patented May 5, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,039,780 PAPER MAKING MACHINERY James K. Darby, Dayton, Ohio, assignor to Beloit lronixvorks, Beloit, Wis., a corporation of Wiscons Original application September 24, 1928, Serial No. 307,966. Divided and this application February 27, 1930, Serial No. 431,734

16 Claims. (Cl. 92-44) This invention relates to paper making maopposite ends on the front and back side sills and chinery and the present application is a division forming simple beams on which the table is movof my copending application Serial No. 307,966, able. Further auxiliary rails must be placed usufiled September 24, 1928, relating particularly to ally in a'ignment with the first or inner transverse the method of and means for replacement of the rails transversely across the front side aisle. The 5 forming wire. weight of the machine is then transferred to the In machines of this sort it is necessary that cross rails, the front and back sides of the maprovision be made for changing the forming wire chine being usually provided with wheels which as and when desired. The reasons for this are ride on the inner transverse rails and. on the outer well known in the art and need not be reviewed auxiliary transverse rails and the entire forming here. table is then shifted or moved transversely into To meet this requirement various wire replacethe aisle. In shifting the forming table out transmentmethods have been previously proposed. It versely upon the inner and outer rails the mais old in the art, for example, to slip the wire chine must cross the joints between the meeting transversely over the machine and it is also old ends of the inner and outer rails and the rails are in the art to remove the machine transversely 115119-11? loosely Secured because y must be into the aisle adjacent the machine and to string moved later. These loose rails are susceptible to the wire between the main side sills or along the displac e y this movement and their position normally occupied by the machine in its placement is liable to cause the machine to fall operative position and to then. return the mainto the P t w h n ur and Possible desilllletiehf chine transversely back into the wire loop. As the machine is moved transversely one-half The first case referred to in the preceding 0f the weight of the machine at one time rests on paragraph has required stringing'the forming the centers of the beams which are supported wire in the aisle along the machine and placing loosely across the Sills d y t the e d 011 auxiliary lifts within the wire loop, these auxiliary the sills. This makes it necessary to construct lifts being engaged with the side of the machine these rail members of large sectioh to provide the usually at the couch and breast ends and along necessary pp r ng Strength. 011 a 300 inch the intermediate frame. The machine itself has m that is 011 ell-machine Which is of Width then had to be lifted by the outer ends of the of 300 inches, these rails must have a vertical auxiliary lifts, the removable blocks along the section of the order of 15 square inches and must front side frames being removed to leave a pasweigh n t neighborhood of two end One-half sage through which the wire may be passed transtons each. versely and the wire loop has had to be expanded After removing the forming table transversely to pass over the top, bottom and ends of the mafrom normal operative position between the lonchine. The auxiliary lifts must be substantially gitudinal sills and into the adjacent side aisle equal in length to the width of the machine, these along t e machine, the inner Cress mils which auxiliary lifts being engaged or hooked into the are arranged across the longitudinal sills must frame or other structural part along the front side be removed to permit stringing the wire in place of the machine and in this position the auxiliary between the sills with its bottom run beneath lifts and structural part of the machine form simthe positions occupied by said inner transverse ple beams substantially twice the width of the rails in the removal and replacement of the mamachine jointed at the middle with substantially chine. The wireon the wire spool is placed be- I one-half of the weight of the machine on the tween the sills of the machine usually at the joints. In machines of relatively great width say, couch end and extended to the breast end, supfor example, 300 inches, the auxiliary lifts and ports being placed within the wire loop to spread 5 structural part of the machine form beams subthe wire and separate the top and bottom runs stantially feet long which would be required between the end bights of the loop sufhcienily to lift a load of the order of 150 tons through the I to permit the table to be moved back transversejoints between the side of the machine structure 1:! fr m th aisle and in'fle h W D- The and the auxiliary lifts. This necessitatesexceedheavy inner transverse milemust then be 50 ingly heavy auxiliary lifts to carry the load and placed through the inside of the wire loop over it is necessary to arrange these auxiliary lifts the bottom run of the wire and this has-been exthrough the inside of the wire loop which is difliceedingly difficult because of the great weight cult to do without touching and destroying or inand size of these rails and the necessity for keepjuring the wire which is relatively expensive and his h m from o n the f i and s ly exceedingly fragile and easily injured in this injured wire. The Fourdrinier D table. of manner. the machine is then moved transversely on the With the secondo transversely removable table inner and outer rails into the wire loop and into v type machine heavy transverse rails are arranged substantially its normal position over the sills, across the sills being usually supported at their whereupon the weight of the machine is usually 'aisle rails as well.

removed from the rails and transferred to the normal supports, such as the side housings, blocks, or the like, leaving the transverse rails free. The inner transverse rails at least must now be removed from within the loop and this removal must be effected without injuring the wire which is exceedingly diflicult.

' The various parts must then be placed in their normal positions and the wire must be stretched or tensioned before the machine is ready for op-' eration; In order to provide slack for the application of the wire loop provision is commonly made for reducing the distance between the couch and breast rolls to provide slack between these parts for the application of the wire loop and for increasing this distance to take up the sick and tension the wire.

According to the practice above referred to. the heavy inner and outer rails have had to be separate to permit placing the inner rails into the wire loop for removal and replacement of the table and removal of these rails from within the wire loop after stringing the wire and moving the machine back into the loop. If these inner and outer rails were in one piece the dimculties of removal and replacement of the rails would not only be greatly increased by the greatly increased size and weight of the rails but it would be impossible to remove such rails without removing the entire weight of the machine, not only from the inner but from the outer or Even with these rails made up separately with the outer ends of the inner rails along the front side sill and the inner ends sill to be swung into and through the loop for removal and replacement of the table and out parallel or substantially parallel to the outer sill for arrangement of thewire loop between these sills.- They all have substantially the same disadvantages.

It is an object of the present invention to eliminate the difliculties and disadvantages above referred to.

It is another object to provide for applying the forming wire loop over all or any desired part or par'tsof the machine by stringing the wire laterally of the machine, applying the wire loop over the machine or part thereof by relative lateral movement and sustaining the weight of the upon transverse. rails beneath the bottom run of the wire. The present invention may be employed along the entire machine or in connec-v tion with any desired part or any desired combination of parts around which it is desired to pad rail inside the loop.

all parts which are within the wire loop in the operation of the machine or it may be employed only in connection with thelateral movement of some of said parts or in connection with some laterally removable parts in combination with other parts which may be cleared without lateral movement for the placement of the wire thereover.

The present invention enables the machine to be supported at all times in a positive manner and supports may be provided at any point or points between the end sill supports. The use of lighter and safer constructions for supporting the machine is permitted and the possibility of the machine dropping or falling by excessive stresses upon the structure is eliminated.

Another object is to permit complete removal ofthe heavy inner transverse rails from within the wire loop at all times. According to this as Poet of the invention the rails which sustain the weight of the table or other laterally removable part or parts and which guide this part or these parts are disposed outside the wire loop and be,- low the bottom run of the wire be permanently disposed and need not be removed and replaced in stringing a wire.

Another object is therefore to eliminate the necessity for removal and replacement of the inner transverse rails and particularly to eliminatev the necessity for placement of these rails with in and removal from the inside of the wire loop.

Another object is to eliminate the necessity for moving the table or other laterally removable part outwardly sufliciently to clear the inner rails for their removal in the stringing of a wire.

This enables reducing the'aisle clearance re-' quirements necessary, particularly the width of the aisle or the width of the clearance into which the laterally removable part is moved.

By the disposition of the inner transverse rails beneath the bottom run of the wire loop it becomes unnecessary to place any heavy auxiliary parts for supporting the machine within the wire and it becomes unnecessary particularly to place heavy inner rails within and to remove them from the inside of the wire loop. Another feature of the disposition of the rails below the bottom that they will prevent the bottom run of the wire from sagging down and making objectionable contact with objects below the machine during the application of the wire and before it is operatively disposed upon the machine.

With the present invention it is unnecessary to add additional metal or structure to the machine.

frames, Fourdrinier table or cross bracing even if Joined.

Another feature of the present invention resides in placing the transverse rail means laterally of the machine structure and lifting said structure over the bottom run of the wire by relative transverse movement between said structure and said rail means.

Another featureof the present invention resides in the pad rails for the shearing or kinking action of any parts of the machine o'rlifts, the wire being secured between the transverse rail outside the loop and a light This forms the lifting assembly and the wire may be strung over the relatively heavy outer transverse rails beneath the bottom run of the wire whereupon the, light wire disposed between the heavy outer rails and the inner lightweight pad rails.

The stringing of the wire may be in the side aisle whereupon the transverse outer and inner pad rails between which the bottom run of the wire is secured may be shifted transversely inwardly to slip the wire over the machine or the machine may be moved out transversely into the aisle and the wire strung between the sills with its bottom run between the outer rails and the inner lightweight pad rails whereupon the machine is moved-back into the wire loop. The outer rails are the rails which are adapted to sustain the weight of the machine or laterally removable part and these rails may be made relatively heavy without disposing their great weight and bulk within the wire loop. The arrangement of the bottom run of the wire loop over the top of the heavy rails and the movement of these rails into position beneath the machine with the bottom run of the wire between the rails and the machine, as well as the arrangement of the bottom run of the wire above the outer rails with the movement of the machine over these rails with the wire disposed between them and the machine is predicated upon the theory that the forming wire while weak in tension, shear and torsion will withstand infinite crushing pres sures. For example, I have arranged an Appleton" gauge forming wire between pads and have subjected the wire to a crushing pressure of 350,000 pounds without a trace of injury, this being approximately equal to the weight of a machine 600 inches in width which is approximately twice the width of the largest machine constructed so far as I amaware.

Pads are preferably interposed between the bottom rail and the wire and between the wire and the upper pad rail. These pads may be of hard fibre, vulcanized rubber or any other suitable or preferred material which will cushion the wire against bruising action. The removable pad rail within the wire 'loop is preferably fas-' tened securely against any movement in the wire servicing operation. The rail which is outside the wire loop or beneath the bottom run of the wire may be extremely heavy, of'the order of five tons, whereas the upper pad rails which are placed inside the loop for removal may be extremely light. These upper pad rails may even be in the form of thin sheets although some rigidity is preferable with a Fourdrinier wire. 7

According to one form of the invention selected for illustration the pad rail assembly, including the outer rail beneath the bottom run of the wire, is equipped with rack means which engages pinions mounted on the side of the machine. These pinions may be operated by power shafts extending from thebreast end to the couch housing and the pad rail assemblies with the outer heavy rails are adapted to be shifted in transversely by power with the wire cradled, that is, embedded between the two rails, the heavy outer rail and the inner lightweight rail, the pad rail assembly with the. outer rails lifting the machine and carrying the wire in over the entire machine by power. In addition to the other features of novelty it is, I believe, broadly new to carry the wire transversely'and lift the machine over all of the parts by power at one time.

It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to use with any particular machine or any particular type of machine nor to the particular embodiment-selected for illustration. 1

' In order to acquaint those skilled in the art with the manner of constructing and operating the present invention, I shall now describe, in connection with the accompanying drawings, the illustrated embodiments of the invention.

In the drawings:-.-

Figure 1 is a more or less diagrammatic longitudinalsection through a plant layout in which the illustrated embodiment of the invention is embodied;

Figure 2 is a vertical section taken transversely through the plant layout across the forming table regions and substantially on the line 22 of Figure 3; 1

Figure 3 is a plan section taken on the line 3-3 of Figure 2 showing an arrangement of two paper making machines in the plant layout of Figures 1, 2 and 3;

Figures 4 and 4A are more or less detail views in side elevation partially broken away and partially in section of a paper making machine embodying the present invention (Figure 4 to be laid to the right of Figure 4A with the line a.a of Figure 4 on the line a-a of Figure 4A) Figures 5 and 5A are views in side elevation partially broken 'away and partially in section showing'the Fourdrinier machine with the breast end in level forming table position. (Figure 5 is to be laid to the right of Figure 5A with the line d-d. of Figure 5 on the line (2-11 of Figure 5A); 1

Figure 6 is a view in elevation of the breast end of the Fourdrinier machine as shown in Figure 5, a part of the structure being shown in section;

Figure '7 is a view in longitudinal section of the couch roll assembly in one form;

Figure 8 is an end view partially in section of the couch roll assembly showing wire replacement means embodying the present invention in,

connection therewith;

Figure 9 is an end view of the couch roll assembly showing wire replacement means embodying the present invention in connection therewith and showing the couch roll assembly supported for movement of the Fourdrinier machine laterally to either side for replacing the forming wire;

Figures 10 and 10A are views in side elevation of the couch roll assembly and breast end assembly, showing hoists for raising the structure for replacing the forming wire. (Figure 10A is to be placed beside Figure 10 with the line e-e of Figure 10A on the line e-e of Figure 10) Figures 11 and 11A are views in side elevation showing the breast end of the machine and a couch roll assembly of modified construction with the wire replacement means of the present invention embodied in connection'therewith. (Figure 11A is to be placed to the right of Figure 11 with the line f-f of Figure 11A on the line j-- of Figure 11);

Figures 12 and 12A are views in side elevation of the couch and breast ends of the machine showing the machine cleared and the wire stringing means in position for replacing the wire. (Figure 12A is to be' placed to the right of Figure 12 with the line 9-9 of Figure 12A on the line [-17 of Figure 12) Figure 13 is a view in elevation of the wire stringing means at the couch end of the machine with the walls of the plant in section;

Figure 14 is a top plan view of one of the wire replacement rail assemblies showing one of the relatively heavy rails-'which is arranged outside the wire loop and beneath thelower run of the 7 loop and also showing the cooperating relatively lightweight pad rail therefor;

Figure 14A is a'detail section taken on the line HA-MA of Figure 14;

Figure 15 is a longitudinal section through the upper relatively lightweight pad rail taken on the line l-i5 of Figure 14A;

Figure 16 is a detail longitudinal section taken on the line l6-l6 of Figure 14A;

Figure 17 is a side elevational view of the lower or outer 'rail which is disposed outside the wire loop and beneath the lower run of the wire;

Figure 18 is a detail view partially in section of suitable wire stringing means; V

Figure 19 is a transverse section showing the filter system;

Figure 20 is a. detail view of the breast roll assembly including the shake stand partly in section; and

Figures 21 and 22 are detail views of the blocks for supporting the breast end of the Fourdrinier machine at variable elevations.

The making of paper being a continuous process and a paper mill operating as a rule twentyfour hours a day, conditions that prolong interruption of operation, such as the prior methods.

- production costs in the paper making industry.

So far as the improvements in the threading of the wet web-of the forming paper as it leaves the Fourdrinier machine and passes onto the drier are concerned, the parent application of which this is a division is directed to that and other features which may not be discussed in detailin the present application which relates particularly to the new forming wire replacement method and means.

The parent application also points out that the present requirements of plant layout for operating andservicing the paper making apparatus adds heavily to the plant investment and that there is an increasing demand in the industry for economies both in the plant layout and in the time and labor costs for servicing the apparatus. 7

Some of the economies in the plant layout are the result of features of the parent application and so far as they are they are claimed in that application. Other economies, such as the reduction in the lateral clearance required for a laterally removable table type machine, are the result of the new wire replacing method and means of the, present application and this wire replacement method and means also effects economies in the time and labor costs for servicing the apparatus. For example, the present invention expedites the servicing of the apparatus and thereby reduces the time and labor costs and by making it unnecessary to completely clear the inner transverse rail portions which are arranged transverselyacross the longitudinal sills of the machine with each wire replacement the amount of lateral clearance required is reduced and space economies are eirected.

Referring now to the drawings and particularly to Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 4A and 13, the reference character I designates the main floor elevation. Below the main floor level I are pits 2 inwhich portions of the apparatus are located, the floor elevation on the rear side of the apparatus, opposite the presses and suction couch of the Fourdrinier machine being indicated at 3 and the floor elevation of the Fourdrinier machine being indicated at I.

Alcoves 4 in the plant layout illustrated in Figures 1 to 3 are located at the rear sides of the Fourdrinier machine in opposite wings of the plant, the arrangement as shown being for two paper making machines installed side by side and operated in coordinated relation The alcove floors 5 are supported on foundations 8-8a.

The saveall below the suction couch is indicated at 6 and the saveall below the forming table is indicated at I (Figures 4 and 4A), all of the filter water being delivered into the latter. This arrangement eliminates the usual troughs in the rear of the machine and is an important factor in the space saving provision of the parent application.

Steps 9 are placed between the floors l and 3 and steps iii are placed between the floors 3 and 5 on the rear side of the Fourdrinier machine.

The front side aisle of the apparatus on the main floor I is indicated at H, the width of the aisle being shown as substantially one-third of the width of the Fourdrinier machine, although this may all vary widely within the present invention.

The Fourdrinier machines are supported on foundations l2 extending longitudinally of the machines as shown in the plan view of the sills in Figure 3. The over-all width of the main machine room for both machines is indicated by the walls l3.

The driving connections for the presses and couch rolls of the Fourdrinier machine are located on the rear side of the machine (not shown) in the spaces indicated at ll. A bannister rail i5 is placed as here shown between floors I and 5 as a safeguard between the different elevations, the main aisle being extended under as well as above the floor 5 from the bannister rail forward to the breastend of the Fourdrinier machine as indicated in Figures 1 and 2. This double floor level is immaterial so far as the present invention is concerned but the present application being a divisionof my copending application Serial No. 307,966, filed September 24, 1928, some views of the above application, includ ing these features, are necessary to impart a full understanding oi the wire replacement method and means of the present invention and where such showings are included they are being described Just briefly in the manner of the description of the parent application. The full advantages of the double floor level arrangement and such. space saving features as are not the result thus relieving the structure supporting the opposite sides at an elevation which causes the paper forming wire W to be inclined downward from the breast roll to the couch roll I29 in accordance with the Eibel system for effecting gravity movement of the paper stock with the movement of the wire.

The breast housing 25 as best shown in Figures 4, 5 and 6 has bolted to it the male members of ball and socket joints 2B, 21, the latter being parts of opposite hydraulic jacks 28 upon which the breast end of the machine is normally supported at variable elevations. The mechanism for operating the jacks consists of a water supply pipe 29, and pump 39 operated by a motor 3| and connected to the jacks by gears 32, 33 and the shaft 24. Gears 39 of the shaft 34 operate racks 35 'which have secured to their upper ends the lower members of the joints 26, 21.

The opposite sides of the breast housing are connected one with the other by a cross frame member, the opposite jacks being joined together and braced laterally by a frame member 38.

The jacks 28 serve for raising the breast end of the machine to any desired elevation within the limits of operation for determining the inclination of the paper forming wire as may best suit the nature of the paper stock and the conditions of operation. It will be apparent that the ball and socket relation between the part 26, 21 will compensate for the angular movement of the breast end of the machine as it is moved to raised position by means of the hydraulic jacks would otherwise occur in more or less degree. The lifting jacks as shown are preferably set at a suitable angle to compensate for the changes in the weight center on the jacks as the machine is raised.

Upon raising the breast end of the machine to the'desired elevation, as illustrated in Figure 4, the structure is supported on opposite sides upon split blocks 39, 40 adaptedfor building up the support for the machine more fully disclosed in the parent application, these blocks preferably being of the required accuracy in thickness for of the machine at level elevation.

Connected to the opposite sides of the couch housing at the opposite end of the machine, as shown in Figures 4A and 5A, are vertical supports 46 secured by dowelings 41, 48 and connected by compensating slotted joints 49 to opposite rails 59 extending from the breast end to the couch end of the machine, the rails being connected at the breast end at 5|. Removable blocks 52 at the breast end and 53 at the couch end support the parts of the machine within the wire loop.

The structural parts within and in the adjacent lateral planes of the wire loop consist of opposite truss rails 55 which extend from the blocks 52 to the blocks 53 and yoke bearings 56 secured to the opposite rails 55 and supported at 51 on the table housing 58 which in turn rests on the blocks 53. The rails 55 are cross-braced by rails 59 which project laterally outwardly of the rails 55, the projecting ends being supported by brackets 63 for preventing torsional displacement of the rails 55.

The table rails 99 are bolted to the cross rails 59 and extend parallel with the rails 55 between the breast end of the machine at 6| and blocks 62 on the rails 55v which support their opposite ends.

Provsion is made on the brackets 63 as indicated at 64 (Figure 19) for supporting on the of stresses which machine as here shown the self-contained water 9' system. In the arrangement of this system neither the truss rails 55, table rails 60 nor the savealls are included in the shake structure. The arrangement of the savealls serves for preventing backlash of the deckle edges of the paper sheet which develops from the shaking action in machines of the usual construction.

The details of the saveall system consist as best shown in Figures 5 and 19 in the saveall trays 65 which are connected to and discharge into troughs 66. The sides of the troughs extend upward to the level of the paper forming wire as indicated at 66' in Figure 19 and are bolted to the cross rails 59 and to the rails 55 and the lower ends of the troughs 66 discharge at 61 into the pits 1 below the forming table.

Supported on the rails 55 as shown in Figures ,4, 5, and 6 are the-breast roll housings 1| which are split at 12 and are bolted to the rails at 13, 14. The breast roll 15 is supported on spiders 16 (Figure 20) secured to a hollow shaft 11 which 7 is journaled at its opposite ends in bearings 18 mounted loosely in the yoke housings 1|, the bearings being slidable transversely of the machine on the rails 55 in the shaking movement.

Springs 89, 8| on opposite sides of the bearings 18 serve to compensate for the end thrustin the breast roll journals in the shaking action, these springs being retained in the bearings by plates 82, 83 secured to the housing'1l.

Extending through the breast roll housing 11 is a tie shaft 84 having its-opposite ends secured in the bearings 18 at 19, nuts 85, 86 being threaded on the ends of the shaft and acting to hold the shaft rigid between the bearings. Secured to one end only of the shaft 84 is a yoke 81 provided with bosses 88, 89 for co-acting with a cam 90 to impart an axial shaking action to the breast roll. The shape of the cam 90 is such, as shown in Figure 6, that a rapid .triple shaking action, in addition to a long, relatively slow, overall stroke is given to the breast roll upon each rotation of the cam with corresponding effect on the paper stock on the forming wire. The cam 99 as best shown in Figures 12A and 20 is secured to an operating shaft 9| supported in bearings 92 on vertically adjustable bearing bases 93 which'are slidable on base housings 94 supported on the floor 5. A gear 95 on the shaft 9| meshes with a gear 96 driven by a motor 91 which is mounted on one of the sliding bases 93. A boss 98 on the block 93 coacts with a boss 99 on the breast housing 25 for effecting the vertical adjustment of the breast roll shaking apparatus.

As best shown in Figure 12A the cam shaft 9| has a relatively long extension for disconnecting the shaft so that the base housing 94 on the rear side of the machine will not be in theway for replacing the paper forming wire. For putting on the wire the shaft 9| is shifted endwise as shown for disconnecting it from the shake mechanism.

A board Hi0 secured to the truss rails 55 coacts with the breast roll 15 in the usual manner for wiping the surface of the roll. The table rolls |95' are supported in bearings "16 on the rails 69 in the usual relation. The suction boxes I98,

I99 are supported on an angle plate |91 secured to the rails 55 in the relation shown in the parent application. A water line connection M9 for the suction boxes is shown more or less conventionally being substantially the same in arrangement as more fully disclosed in my prior Patent No. 1,679,854 of August '7, 1928.

' carried on the wire from the forming table from accumulating on the roll III and injuring the wire, the doctor blade being self-contained in the assembly of the carrier roll I I2 for convenient removal of these parts as a unit for replacing the wire. V

Wire carrying rolls II4, III and I I 8 and aroll H5, supported on pivoted arms IIB (Figures 5- and 5A) are provided in the lower draw or lower run of the wire, the rolls I I4, II! and H8 being supported on the opposite rails 55 and the roll II5 being supported on the pivoted arms H6 and acting to stretch or tension the wire.

. In Figures 4A, 5A, '7 and 10 is shown a couch roll I20 of the Millspaugh suction couch type. The general arrangement of this structure which is well known in the art presents peculiar diiiicuities in replacing the paper forming wire. An object attained with my present invention consists in a modified arrangement of this structure for replacing the wire with less difficulty. The

base of the couch housing 45 as shown is well below the main Fourdrinier floor I, the suction couch roll I20 being supported in a pit and the forming wire from the guide roll III to the couch roll I20 and from the couch roll I20 to the first carrier roll H2 being disposed at acute angles thuscausing a greater bite of the couch roll for 7 driving the wire, which, in the degree attained by the arrangement shown, is a desirable condition of operation more especially in Fourdrinier machines of large capacity. In a machine having a capacity for producing paper 400 inches wide the couch roll will be approximately four feet in diameter. Thus the elevation of the forming table in a machine of large capacity and of the usual construction would be above the line of view of the operator which presents an impracticable condition of operation.

In Figures 4A and 7' are shown the suction couch roll I 20, the suction box III and the suction pipes I22. "The end bearings I24, I24 of the couch roll I20 are joined together by a cross tie shaft I28, the ends of the shaft extending through the bearing hubs III. The couch roll drive gear I 2! is mounted between the bearing I 28 and a,

split bearing I30 at one end of the roll and the couch roll supporting structure is connected to the opposite bases I3I (Figures 4A and 5A) which are slidable on inclined ways II on the couch roll housing 45. The driving connection to the gear. I 28 consists of a gear I34 (Figure 5A) and a drive shaft connection on the rear side of the machine, the driving connection as shown keeping the rear side of the machine clear for replacing the forming wire. 7

The base construction of the couch roll consists of the couch housing 45, blocks 53, the table couch housing 58 and the sliding bases III tied together in an integral assembly. As the couch roll is raised for replacing the forming wire the bases I3I slide on the ways 58 thus shortening the distance between the-couch roll I" and the breast roll 15 thereby giving added slack to the wire for clearing the enlarged end bearings I 24, Illfor the couch roll.

Another form of couch roll construction known commercially as the Kilberry couch roll is shown in Figure 11. In this form the couch roll IIOK is supported on journals I2IK, INK the roll be.

- is concerned,lies in the different forms of Journals for supporting the couch roll. In the construction shown in Figure 7 the journals are larger in diameter than the diameter of the roll and accordingly require the added slack in the forming wire provided by the inclined ways 58 and the sliding bases I3I which travel thereon in raising the couch roll assembly. In the form illustrated in Figure 11 the couch roll journals are smaller in diameter'than the roll and the added slack in the forming wire is not required.

Accordingly, in the form shown in Figure 11 no provision is made for shortening the distance between the breast and couch rolls for replacing the forming wire, it being understood that this distance may be shortened or not shortened as desired and that where shortened the particular manner of shortening the same may vary widely within the scope of this invention.

In the couch roll assembly shown in Figure 11 the couch roll IIIIK is supported in head bearings I IIK which have sliding movement on vertical bearings "K, the roll Journals INK, INK being of normal diameter smaller than the diameter of the roll. 4 4

' The planes of movement oi: the paper forming wire as herein shown and described and their efiect upon the operation of the wire and upon the amount of slack obtainable in the wire for replacing the same correspond to the disclosure of the parent application and are shown herein simply in order to impart a clear understanding of one embodiment of this invention, it being understood that these features may vary widely within the broader aspects of this invention. At the same time, however, I desire to reserve any novelty in these features per se and I also desir" to reserve any novel coordination between any 0.

to the carrying roll H2 the plane of the wire W the couch roll I 20 is at anacute angle upwardly, the rise of the wire preferably approximating the elevation of the suction boxes. Between the carrying roll 2 and the roll II4 the plane of the wire is substantially parallel with the adJacent portion of its upper run and from the roll II4 to the roll III and from the roll II B to the roll I" the plane of the wire varies with the tension of the wire.

Fr'om the roll III to the roll 8 the plane of the wire is again substantially parallel with the adjacent portion of its upper run and from the roll I It to the breast roll '15 the wire inclines at an acute angle downwardly.

which eifect rigidity in the span from the breastto the couch end of the machine. gitudinally with the rails Extending lon- III as best shown in the steam line Figures 4, 4A and 5, 5A is a water line I38 and at I3!) is a steam line, the water and steam lines I38 and I39 being extended along the front rail 50.

An angle cross brace extends from the front to the back side of the couch housing. and supported upon the couch housing is a water jet I4I connected with the water line I38 by means of a hose I42. Another water jet I44 connected to the water line by means of a hose I45 (Figure 12) is supported on a bracket I43, the jet I44 being adjustable transversely of the machine and also angularly to any desired position by a set screw I430. (Figures 4A and 12). The water jets MI and I44 are cut squirts disposed above the top run of the forming wire. These cut squirts are adapted for cutting the sheet of paper so that it may be more readily picked up and transferred to the press rolls.

A dandy stand I46 of the construction illustrated in the parent application is secured to the rail at I41 being mounted upon vertical legs I48 by means of a vertically adjustable bearing I49 for adjusting the dandy roll I56 relative to the forming wire W. A cable I50 (Figures 4A and 5A) operable on a Windlass I5I the rail 50 is adapted for moving the dandy roll I56 out of operative relation with the wire for replacing the wire. A pipe I52 connected to the water line I38 by a hose (not shown) is secured to the dandy stand I46, a hose I54 connected to I39 being extended parallel with the pipe I52 and connected to the steam line l55, all of said connections being above the lateral plane of the wire. The water and steam lines I38, I39 and I55 may be supported in any suitable manner parallel to the plane of movement of the forming wire for supplying water and steam to the dandy roll which is journaled at I51, the water and steam lines being oblong in vertical cross section as shown for stiffening the pipes to prevent sagging between the supports. The purpose of the water and steam supplies to the dandy roll is to clean the same and prevent plugging of the meshes of, this roll. The water and steam supply is preferably intermittent although the water supply may be continuous and the steam supply is adapted for use with or separately of the water supply as, for paper forming run on the machine; The dandy roll is indicated at I56 in Figure 4A. The cable I50 is connected with the dandy stand I46 at I55 and the steam and water jets are indicated at I54 and I54 in Figure 4A.

A foot board assembly I58 spans rails 50 in a manner which does not require removal of. the foot board for replacing the forming wire on the machine.

.The deckle returns I59 are supported in box bearings I60 secured to rails 50, the half section deckle returns being held against turning by lever screws I6I. Troughs may be secured to the deckle supports for catching portions of the paper stock carried up by the deckles I and are adapted for discharging the accumulation of stock at the side of the machine thereby preventing such material from fallingback on the wire which may result in breaks in the paper or injury to the wire. A conduit I63 for electric light wiring is supported on the rails 50 the wiring being self-contained on the machine and provided with connected lights I64 arranged for effecting a better lighting system.

The'particular stock circulating apparatus per se may vary widely within the scope of the present invention. The particular apparatus shown is leakage between the pipes.

supported onexample, at the end of a tends across the lower front of m xer and screens (not shown) through a pipe I10from where it is pumped through a pipe I10 (Figure 5) into a stationary tank I1I supported independently of the Fourdrinier machine. The

tank I1I has a downwardly inclined bottom to which a plurality of pipes I12 are connected the particular number of pipes varying with the width of the machine. The pipes I12 are arranged telescopically in pipes I16 slidable thereon and packing joints consisting of parts I13. I14 and I15 (Figures 4 and 5) serve to prevent This arrangement provides in effect water-tight fiumes communi eating between the tank HI and a stock chest I18 supported between the opposite sides of the breast housing 25. A perforated vertical wall I11 (Figure 4) extends lengthwise through the bottom of the chest I18 and serves for spreading the flow of stock as it moves by gravity to the lower portion of the chest and thence upward into the substantially sealed nozzle I from which it is discharged under super-hydraulic pressure upon the forming wire. The entire structure I13-7I1B inclusive is supported on the breast housing 25 in any suitable manner and moves with the breast housing in the elevation adjustment thereof, the telescopic engagementof the pipes I12 and I15 allowing for the adjustment.

A manhole 519 provides entrance to the chest I10 and the perforated wall I11 is removable from the chamber for cleaning as desired.

The nozzle I80 for a Fourdrinier machine 400 inches wide has a capacity of approximately 550 gallons and discharges its full capacity of paper stock a number of times per minute thus producing a lively action of the stock as it moves through the flumes I12, I16 and through the chest I18 and the nozzle I80 to the formin wire. The particular arrangement shown is effective for preventing dead ends in any part of the passage in which stagnant stock can form into lumps and the nozzle is substantially sealed as more fully disclosed in the copending application above referred to. ture of the nozzle I80 is shown in the copending application above referred to, the nozzle having an outlet to the paper forming wire which may be adjustably controlled by a sluice designated generally at 200 and the other sides of the nozzle being sealed some of the sealing sides at least being flexible and having cooper ation or engagement with the wire and the nozzle housing being generally half round in cross section.

The detailed struc- The deckle straps I65 pass over and under the nozzle I86 (Figure 4) ample vertical clearance being provided in the guides I93 for preventing injury to the forming wire by the deckle straps. The discharge side of the nozzle is adjustably regulated by the sluice means 200' which e1;-

ing supported by outwardly projecting brackets 20I on the front of the nozzle housing.

The opposite ends of the sluice means 200 may the nozzle bebe cut away for clearing the deckle straps I65, adjustable wing sluices being preferably provided as'more fully disclosed in the copending application already referred to.

Between its opposite ends the nozzle is open to the forming wire W as it passes over the breast roll the paper stock flowing with the movement of the wire under the sluice means 200-to the forming table and the elevation of the sluice means 200 determining the thickness and the spacing of the deckle straps determining the width of the paper. The elevation of the breast end of the machine and the resulting inclination of the forming wire overthe forming table, to-.

gether with the increased intensity of the breast shaking movement and the increased activity in the flow of the stock to the forming wire resulting from the added pressure in the substantially sealed nozzles are factors which operate together to produce a more uniform and more active flow of the stock to the forming wire and a more even spread of the stock on the wire as it moves to the forming table.

The principal aspect of the present invention resides in the improved method of and means for replacing the forming wire on the Four- Y drinier machine with the advantages and elimination of previous difliculties all as set out at the outset of this specification.

In Figures 8, 9, 10, 10A, 11, 11A, 12, 12A and 13 the Fourdrinier machine is shown in various arrangements for replacing the wire, Figures 10, 10A and 11, 11A showing modifications in the couch -roll construction as herein described and corresponding modifications in the associated structure for replacing the wire.

The successive steps for replacing the wire W consist inraising the couch assembly as shown in Figures 10 and 11 according to the construction, raising the breast end of the machine, re- 'moving the blocks 52, 53 on the rear sideof the machine, and drawing out a series of rails into the aisle along the side of the machine as shown' in Figure 8. The machine is lowered upon these rails, the wire loop being stretched in the ad- Jacent alcove as shown in Figures 3 and 13 or in the adjacent aisle and between the main bottom rail parts which are disposed beneath the bottom run of the wire and the upper auxiliary pad rails whereupon the main outer and inner pad rail assemblies are moved back in transversely between the side sills moving the wire transverselyinto position over the machine and the machine structure may then be restored to normal relation. It is to be understood that because of the duplex arrangement or arrangement of two machines side by side the aisle II (Figure 3) is designated as the front aisle whereas the aisles H are designated as the rear aisles and that the main outer and inner pad rails or the forming table, as the case may be, will be described as being moved out laterally to the rear side of the machine but this lateral removal of the rail assemblies or table may be from the front side or from either side within the scone of this invention.

For example, where thereis but a single machine with a full width aisle along the entire front of the machine or an alcove adjacent the front side of. the forming table, the rail assemblies or table may be withdrawn into and replaced from the front side or this withdrawal and replace-- ment may be into and from the rear side or both s'des may be adapted to permit the withdrawal vide intermediatedepressicns 2I6a which are of width sufiicient to accommodate the width of the forming wire. The upper pad rails which need be of lengthsonly substantially equal to the width of the forming wire are indicated at 222.

These upper pad rails may be of exceedingly light weight and the length of each is substantially equal to the length of the depression 2i 6a in the associated rail 2i6, each of the main rail depressions 2l6a being adapted to receive one of the pad rails 222 and the bottom run of the wire is arranged in these depressions 2| to between the main outer rails 2l6 and the inner or upper pad rails 222 in replacing a wire upon the machine.

Pads 220, 22| are adapted for arrangement in the depressions or recesses 2| in one between each main outer rail M6 and the bottom of the lower run of the wire W (Figures 14A and 16) and another between the top of the lower run of the wire W and each upper pad rail 222. These pads 220, 22| protect the wire W when the weight of the machine or machine part is on the rail assembly 2l8, 222.

As shown in Figure 17, the depressions or recesses 2 lGa are each of a depth to receive the pad rail 222 with the pads 220,- 2 interposed between the rail M8 and the upper pad rail and with the wire W interposed between the pads 220, 22! and to present the racks 223 on the upper surfaces of the pad rails 222 substantially flush with the racks 2 IT to constitute a continuous rail assembly for movement transversely into and out of position in replacing the wire on the machine (-Figure 8) or for movement of the machine or machine part transversely into and out of position over these rail assemblies as in the embodiment of Figure 9. In operating relation of the machine the lower channel rails 216 are secured to the blocks 52, 53 except for the rail 2l8 under the couch assembly which with the upper pad rails 222 and pads 220, 22i are removed. It is to be understood that where the rail assemblies 2",

222 are moved out and replaced transversely that such of the rails 2| 6 as are secured to the blocks 52, 53 are released to permit this movement. Upon replacement beneath the normal operative position of the machine the rails 2| 8, except for the rail under the couch assembly, may be secured to the blocks 52, 53 and may remain in position beneath the machine in the operation thereof.

Where the machine or machine part is moved out transversely and replaced transversely these outer or lower main rails 2i6 may be secured to remain in place beneath the machinein the operation thereof (Figure 9) and need not be re- 

